The Empowerment Scale, Rogers (ESR) - AKA Making Decisions Empowerment Scale
Overview
- Purpose
- Measure beliefs about the social worth of people with mental illness.
- Respondent
- Person with a Disability
- Administration Method
- Interview
- Administration Mode
- In-person
- Developer
- Rogers, Chamberlin, Ellison, & Crean
- Item Count
- 28
- Population
- Mental Health Challenges
Instrument Citation(s)
The Empowerment Scale (must purchase). https://www.naric.com/?q=en/content/making-decisions-%E2%80%93-empowerment-scale
Ralph, R.O., Kidder, K., & Phillips, D. (2000). Can we measure recovery? A compendium of recovery and
Recovery-related instruments, Volume I. Cambridge, MA: The Evaluation Center @ Human
Services Research Institute.
Missouri Institute of Mental Health. Program in Consumer Studies and Training Multi-site Protocol 1.2. https://pocc.org/assets/Uploads/COSP-FUPQ-by-Q-1.2-May-23-2001.pdf 
Instrument Domains
| Domain | Number of Items |
|---|---|
| Choice and Control | 2 |
| Personal freedoms and dignity of risk | 2 |
| Choice of services and supports | 0 |
| Personal choices and goals | 0 |
| Self-direction | 0 |
| Holistic Health and Functioning | 8 |
| Individual health and functioning | 8 |
| Health promotion and prevention | 0 |
| Caregiver Support | 0 |
| Access to resources | 0 |
| Family caregiver/natural support involvement | 0 |
| Family caregiver/natural support wellbeing | 0 |
| Training and skill-building | 0 |
| Community Inclusion | 0 |
| Employment | 0 |
| Meaningful activity | 0 |
| Resources and settings to facilitate inclusion | 0 |
| Social connectedness and relationships | 0 |
| Transportation | 0 |
| Consumer Leadership in System Development | 0 |
| Evidence of meaningful caregiver involvement | 0 |
| Evidence of meaningful consumer involvement | 0 |
| System supports meaningful consumer involvement | 0 |
| Equity | 0 |
| Availability | 0 |
| Equitable access and resource allocation | 0 |
| Transparency and consistency | 0 |
| Fluctuation of Need | 0 |
| Human and Legal Rights | 0 |
| Freedom from abuse and neglect | 0 |
| Informed decision-making | 0 |
| Optimizing the preservation of legal and human rights | 0 |
| Privacy | 0 |
| Supporting individuals in exercising their human and legal rights | 0 |
| Level of Caregiver Well-Being | 0 |
| Person-Centered Planning and Coordination | 0 |
| Assessment | 0 |
| Coordination | 0 |
| Person-centered planning | 0 |
| Service Delivery and Effectiveness | 0 |
| Delivery | 0 |
| Person's needs met and goals realized | 0 |
| System Performance and Accountability | 0 |
| Data management and use | 0 |
| Evidence-based practice | 0 |
| Financing and service delivery structures | 0 |
| Workforce | 0 |
| Adequately compensated with benefits | 0 |
| Culturally competent | 0 |
| Demonstrated competencies when appropriate | 0 |
| Person-centered approach to services | 0 |
| Safety of and respect for the worker | 0 |
| Staff Turnover | 0 |
| Sufficient workforce numbers dispersion and availability | 0 |
| Workforce engagement and participation | 0 |
Psychometric Citations
Wowra, S.A., & McCarter, R. (1999). Validation of the Empowerment Scale with an outpatient mental health population. Psychiatric Services, 50, 959-961
- Type of Publication
- Peer review
- Instrument Language
- English
- Sample: Age (Mean and Range)
36-55 (62%)
- Sample: Age Group
18-64 Years
- Sample: Countries/State
United States, South Carolina
- Sample: Disability Type
Mental Health Challenges
- Sample: Gender (%male)
33%
- Sample: Race/Ethnicity (%)
64% Caucasian
- Sample: Sampling Strategy
Simple Random Sample
- Sample: Size
283
- Reliability: Internal Consistency
0.85
- Validity: Construct (Convergent and Discriminant)
EFA with varimax rotation yielded five factors.
- Study design
- Cross-sectional
Rogers, E.S., Ralph, R.O., & Salzer, M.S. (2010). Validating the Empowerment Scale with a multisite sample of consumers of mental health services. Psychiatric Services, 61, 933-936.
- Type of Publication
- Peer review
- Instrument Language
- English
- Sample: Age (Mean and Range)
Mean=43 years
- Sample: Age Group
18-64 Years
- Sample: Countries/State
United States
- Sample: Disability Type
Mental Health Challenges
- Sample: Gender (%male)
40%
- Sample: Race/Ethnicity (%)
57% white
17% African American
26 others- Sample: Sampling Strategy
Simple Random Sample
- Sample: Size
1827
- Reliability: Internal Consistency
0.82
- Validity: Construct (Convergent and Discriminant)
CFA of five factors without three items showed a CFI = .878, RMSEA = .070
- Validity: Criterion Validity (Concurrent and Predictive)
Correlation with other measure range from .25 to .67.
- Study design
- Cross-sectional
Corrigan, P.W., Faber, D., Fadwa, R., & Leary, M. (1999). The construct validity of empowerment among consumers of mental health services. Schizophrenia Research, 38, 77-84.-1496.
- Type of Publication
- Peer review
- Instrument Language
- English
- Sample: Age (Mean and Range)
Mean=33.1 years
- Sample: Age Group
18-64 Years
- Sample: Countries/State
United States
- Sample: Disability Type
Mental Health Challenges
- Sample: Gender (%male)
65%
- Sample: Race/Ethnicity (%)
57% African American
37% European American
6% other- Sample: Sampling Strategy
Convenience Sample
- Sample: Size
35
- Reliability: Test-retest
r >.75 for six of the seven scales: self-efficacy, powerlessness, self-esteem, effecting change, optimism/control over future, and group/community action; r = .38 for righteous anger
- Validity: Construct (Convergent and Discriminant)
EFA with varimax rotation yielded two superordinate factors that accounted for 60% of the variance.
- Validity: Criterion Validity (Concurrent and Predictive)
Subscales were shown to converge significantly with predicted measures of social support, quality of life, and depression; verbal intelligence was correlated with community orientation to empowerment.
- Study design
- Cross-sectional